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The enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper - a source of raw materials for production of liquid biofuels
Lepař, Petr ; Stloukal, Radek (referee) ; Gabriel, Petr (advisor)
In diploma thesis the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper as a source for the production of liquid biofuels is discused. It follows directly the homonymous diploma thesis from Ing. Brummer, and it is based on the findings, which were solved and decided in previous work. In the theoretical part there is a summarization of basic information on the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper and the associated influences of various factors of the rate and degree of hydrolysis. Higher attention is paid to a waste cardboard and its pretreatment methods due to the maximalization of the yield of hydrolysis. The next part summarizes options of the fermentative production of biofuels, focusing on the method of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, where the further appropriate organism for ethanol fermentation is discussed. The last part is about the technological process from the raw material input to the separation of ethanol. In the experimental section the pre-treatment of waste paper in order to maximize the efficiency of hydrolysis was examined. The best results were achieved using a vibratory mill. In addition, various parameters for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation were optimized using enzymes from Novozymes® company and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The conversion rate of waste paper cellulose to reducing sugars was observed by spectrophotometric method by Somogyi - Nelson and the amount of produced ethanol was quantified using HPLC / RI. As a part of this thesis some conditions (amount of enzyme, substrate, nutrients, yeasts, temperature, pH, type of buffer) were optimized to maximize the effectiveness of the overall process. All experiments were carried out on corrugated cardboard, which was chosen as the most promising material for hydrolysis that was among the waste paper pulp in diploma thesis by Ing. Brummer.
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Production of ethanol as an automotive fuel from renewable materials
Doležal, Martin ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Dlabaja, Tomáš (advisor)
The thesis deals with ethanol production using renewable energy ressources. It describes various manufacturing processes and the usage of respective input materials. It researches utilization of ethanol as engine fuel both as a mixture with conventional fuels and also as the principal component. Consequentionally, it proposes a design of combustion engines suitable for this fuel. Evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of substituting petrol products with bioethanol is provided. The thesis also includes energy and economic evaluation.
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Monitoring the effect of sample treatment in determining selected properties of biofuel
Štenclová, Kristýna ; Lachman, Jakub (referee) ; Lisá, Hana (advisor)
Diploma thesis is focused on the treatment of biofuel prior to combustion and effect of this treatment on the biofuel characteristics. The first part is a review of literature encompassing characteristics of fuel, preparation of samples, methods of analysis of individual characteristics and a presentation of various types of mills. The second part of thesis is experimental. It is an analysis of sample characteristics under various mill settings with regard to the temperature in the mill during grinding.
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The use of alternative fuels in the Air Transport
Dvorský, David ; Šplíchal, Miroslav (referee) ; Nastálek, Ondřej (advisor)
The objectives of this thesis is an overview of the available aviation fuel and possible alternatives. Evaluation of the applicability of alternative fuels in aviation. Furthermore, to assess the overall readiness of each technology across the aviation, from general aviation through public air transportation to transport helicopters. Evaluate the economic situation in each sector and determine the best alternative fuel option.
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Utilization of Waste Vegetable Oils as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Combustion Engines
Michna, Lukáš ; Novotný, Pavel (referee) ; Stodola, Jiří (advisor)
In the introduction this thesis brings a short summary of the energy, environmental and economical balance, related to the production and use of conventional fuels for diesel engines, and compares them with possibility of using recycled cooking vegetable oils as a fuel. The main part focuses on the laboratory analysis of major physical and chemical properties of this alternative fuel and on their comparison to diesel fuel, especially according to ČSN EN 590 norm. In conclusion there is a proposal of diesel vehicle modification to be propelled with waste vegetable oils.
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Burning pellets from non-wood biomass in boilers I
Knob, Jan ; Zejda, Vojtěch (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with combustion of non-woody biomass pellets in boilers. In the first part of the background research, biomass is generally described in terms of fuel properties, with a focus on characteristics determining its suitability for a direct combustion in boilers and undesirable emissions. In this context, planned legislative restrictions of boilers with a lower operating power are summarized. Furthermore the usage of the automatic boilers, and specific problems associated with combustion of non-woody pellets are described. Final part of the background research focuses on a composition of commercially available non-woody pellets and their production. Experimental part consists of fuel analysis determining the general properties of the biofuel - i.e. the water and ash content, essential content of elements, lower and higher heating values. Results of analysis are used to put together fuel lists of tested pellets. Conclusion of the experimental part discusses the influence of the pellet composition on the boiler functionality and emissions.
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Alternative drive
Přikryl, Karel ; Kloss, Ondřej (referee) ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis describes types of alternative propulsion systems considering enviroment and reusable sources of energy. It also arguments its functionality and disadvantages. Specifically it talks about electric vehicles.
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Combustion of Paper Pellets
Veselý, František ; Elbl, Patrik (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with combustion of pellets of wheat straw with paper sludge additive. The work is divided into two main parts. The first part deals with theory of combustion and pellets. The second part is experimental and describes combustion test and measurements.
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Using biofuels in air transport (legislation, measures)
Adámek, Petr ; Šplíchal, Miroslav (referee) ; Nastálek, Ondřej (advisor)
Bachelor thesis contains an overview of the legislation and measures of alternative fuels – biofuels and time mapping their development. Basic division of alternative fuels and focused on biofuels and their basic division and description technology of production, advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional fuels and making evaluation of preparedness for current and future using in civil aviation.
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Alternative Powertrains and Fuels
Ondica, Rastislav ; Prokop, Aleš (referee) ; Dundálek, Radim (advisor)
This thesis explores different options about how to drive a vehicle, than using petrol and diesel. It discusess alternative fuels for combustion engines. It also explains hybrid and electric powertrains. It concentrates mostly on aspects such as ecology, costs, safety and the possibility of using those solutions.
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